Two-phase expunge (1) Expunge "moves" messages to shadow folder file stays in same place; indexes changed folder -> .EXPUNGED/folder Delete moves folders to hidden namespace added timestamp to uniquify name .DELETED/folder-20040226-12:34:56 .EXPUNGED/.DELETED/xy-20040226-12:34:56 Users can recover deleted email themselves however hidden namespaces are confusing unexpunge and undelete admin tools